# Linux

Linux 没有统一的全局代理设置——分 shell 环境变量、桌面环境（GNOME / KDE）、各应用自配几条线。本页给出实际需要的模式。

## 环境变量（命令行 + 多数应用）

事实标准。curl、wget、apt、pip、npm、git 及大多数服务都识别。

```bash
export http_proxy="http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777"
export https_proxy="$http_proxy"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,.local"
# 同时设大写变体——部分应用只认大写：
export HTTP_PROXY="$http_proxy"
export HTTPS_PROXY="$https_proxy"
export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"
```

写到 `~/.bashrc`、`~/.zshrc` 或 `/etc/environment` 实现持久化。

## GNOME

```bash
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http  host 'gate.helodata.io'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http  port 7777
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.https host 'gate.helodata.io'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.https port 7777
```

GNOME 代理对话框不存凭证——用 secret-tool 或按应用配；更简单：在终端启动会话直接用环境变量。

## KDE

**系统设置 → 网络 → 代理 → 使用手动指定的代理**。同样填 host/port，凭证存到 KWallet。

## apt（Debian / Ubuntu）

新建 `/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99helo-proxy`：

```
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777";
```

## yum / dnf（RHEL / Fedora）

写入 `/etc/yum.conf`（yum）或 `/etc/dnf/dnf.conf`（dnf）：

```
proxy=http://gate.helodata.io:7777
proxy_username=helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us
proxy_password=PASSWORD
```

## Docker

守护进程级（影响镜像拉取）：

```bash
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
cat > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/proxy.conf <<EOF
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777"
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
```

容器级 — `docker run`/构建时 `--env http_proxy=…`。

## systemd 服务

让服务接收代理，在 unit 文件中加：

```
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://helo_s1a2b3c4d5e-type-res-region-us:PASSWORD@gate.helodata.io:7777"
```

然后 `systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart <service>`。

## 验证

```bash
curl https://ipv4.icanhazip.com
```

## 常见陷阱

* **环境变量区分大小写** — 部分应用只识小写 `http_proxy`，部分只识大写，**两个都设**。
* **缺 `localhost` bypass** — 没有 `no_proxy=localhost`，本地开发服务器会被代理出去失败。
* **密码含特殊字符** — 嵌入 `http_proxy` 前 URL 编码（`@` → `%40`、`:` → `%3A`）。


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